قراءة تحليلية لواقع الصيرفة في البنوك الجزائرية

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2018-09-30
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مجلة اقتصاديات الاعمال والتجارة ، جامعة المسيلةVolume 3, Numéro 2, Pages 469-486
Abstract
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث في المرجعية التاريخية لتطور النظام البنكي الجزائري، إضافة إلى رصد واقع العمل المصرفي في وقتنا الراهن ومدى مسايرته للتغيرات المصرفية العالمية من جهة والتحديات التي تواجهه من جهة أخرى، وذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي. وقد خلص الباحثون إلى أن الواقع الغير مطمئن الذي يعيشه القطاع البنكي الجزائري يدل على حقيقة واحدة وهي وجوب إعادة هيكلته بطريقة تضمن إعادة هيكلة جوانبه التشريعية بصفة أساسية ثم التنظيمية والإدارية فالرقابية قبل التفكير في الدعم المالي وفقط، لأن هذا الدعم لن يؤدي إلا إلى تبذير المال العام بسبب سوء التسيير. This study aims to investigate about the historical references of Algerian banking system evolution by showing its development and stages of development as well as the various reforms it has undergone, this system was an inevitable extension of the French banking system with all its characteristics and components, Algeria then possessed a wide network of banks based on the liberal, the institutions of this system were considered the most advanced financial institutions compared to all other colonies, by 31 December 1962, independent Algeria had the necessary legal and institutional tools to extend its monetary sovereignty, the Central Bank of Algeria, In its first step towards imposing full sovereignty over the sector, Algeria has worked to nationalize foreign banks to eliminate duplication in the sector, part of it is a foreign banking institution based on a liberal basis and the other part is national based on a socialist basis, in its second step towards reform, some amendments and reforms were introduced at the level of monetary and banking policy by establishing the Board of Loans and a technical body for banking institutions in 1971, In the context of the transition from the market-oriented economy, Law 86/12, or the so-called Bank and Loan Law, was enacted, which reduced the role of the Treasury in the field of investment financing and gave the real role of the Central Bank as a bank for banks, this was followed by Law No. 88/06 amended and completed in 1988 aimed at the independence of banks and financial institutions and opened the way for the establishment of private banks. And an attempt to liberalize the financial and banking system by removing obstacles to foreign investment and putting an end to administrative intervention in this sector, a new banking law was introduced in 1990, Law 90/10, the so-called Monetary and Loan Law, banks and the development of a new control mechanism.
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