Elaboration, characterization and applications of SnO2, 2 %Gd-SnO2 and 2 %Gd-9 %F-SnO2 thin films for the photocatalytic degradation of MB by USP method
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Date
2022-02-17
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Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
In this study, SnO2, 2 %Gd-SnO2, and 2 %Gd-9 %F-SnO2 films were grown from tin chloride solutions by the
ultrasonic spray technique on ordinary microscope glass substrates heated to a fixed temperature of 450 ◦C for
photocatalytic application. The microstructural characterization of the thin films obtained was performed using
X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, EDAX, and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). The optical properties of thin films were
studied by UV–Visible spectroscopy. To examine the electrical properties, we use the four-point method, the
Seebeck effect and the Mott Shottky analysis. X-ray difraction reveals the formation of the routile phase of SnO2
in all thin films with average crystallite size estimated in the range of 24–62 nm. The co-doping in (Gd-F)
permitted an improvement of the thermoelectric properties of SnO2. Moreover, we have demonstrated that an
increase in grain size allows toimprove the Seebeck coefficient, to increase the electrical conductivity, on the
other hand the doping in (Gd), presents a decrease in the size of the crystallites, which improves the degradation
of methyl blue. The UV–Visible spectra of optical transmission of the layers show that the pure, doped and co doped SnO2 films are of good quality with a transmittance of 73–83% in the visible and have an optical gap
evaluated between 3.89, 3.98 and 3.99 eV respectively.
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