Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-quorum sensing and motility inhibition activities of essential oil from seeds of food spice Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. on some pathogenic bacteria
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Date
2021-06
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Research Journal of Biotechnology
Abstract
Abstract
Medicinal food excipients can be used to combat
microbial infections especially essential oils. Xylopia
aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich is a highly consumed
medicinal food spice in Africa and its seeds essential
oil was extracted by hydro-distillation and
characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Its
antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, anti-motility and quorum
sensing inhibition potentials were evaluated on some
pathogenic microorganisms. The identified compounds
were grouped as oxygenated monoterpenes (57.06%)
and monoterpenes hydrocarbons (28.96%) as major
components while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons
(5.94%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (2.29%) and
diterpenes (1.79%) where minor constituents. The most
abundant constituent in the essential oil is myrtenol
(13.25%), an oxygenated monoterpene.
The most sensitive gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria were S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively
with MIC values of 0.3125 μg/mL while the yeast C.
albicans showed MIC of 0.625 μg/mL. Good
antibiofilm results were found with highest inhibition
percentage in S. aureus varying from 73.0±3.0 at MIC
to 9.0±0.5 % at MIC/32. Biofilm inhibitions were
higher in gram-positive bacteria than for gramnegative
and yeast. Highest motility inhibitions were
45.32±0.10 and 63.84±3.50% in swimming and
swarming models respectively at dose of 100 μg/mL.
The essential oil of X. aethiopica showed good antiquorum
sensing activity with quorum-sensing
inhibition zones of 22.0±0.5 mm at MIC. The good
results show that consumption of X. aethiopica is
potent biocontrol means to reduce severity and
virulence of food pathogens and to reduce their
resistance to antibiotics which is a global health
problem