Contribution to the Specification and Formal Analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems: Application to Industry 4.0
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Date
2025-05-25
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Abstract
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operate across different spatial and
temporal scales and exhibit complex, context-dependent behaviors.
The intricate nature of CPS poses significant conceptual and technical
challenges, as understanding and managing such systems often
exceed individual capacities. To address these challenges, advancements
in modeling languages, formal methods, and tools are essential,
alongside interdisciplinary collaboration among domain experts, formal
methods researchers, and tool developers.
This thesis proposes a multi-phase and iterative approach for designing,
defining, and analyzing the dynamic and secure behavior of CPS,
addressing the gap between theoretical formal methods and their
practical application in CPS development.
First, adhering to the principles of ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2021 for
architectural descriptions, we develop a metamodel that facilitates
effective communication among stakeholders by employing architectural
views and viewpoints. This approach ensures consistency and
fosters a shared understanding of the system architecture.
Second, to address the limitations of existing formalisms, we introduce
CA-BRS, a novel model that combines Bigraphical Reactive
Systems (BRS) and Control Agents. CA-BRS distinguishes between
the virtual, physical, and cyber levels of CPS, using abstract agents
and bigraphs to specify these dimensions. It also incorporates Controlled
Reaction Rules to represent both physical and cyber evolutions
while considering material constraints. To analyze CPS behavior,
we define a formal computational model, the Guided Transition
System (GTS), which captures and evaluates emergent properties
such as security and safety.
IThird, in the design phase of CPS, we establish mapping rules to define
the behavioral semantics of CA-BRS using BPMN activity diagrams.
This enables the detection of functional inconsistencies, such
as deadlocks, infinite loops, or multiple terminations, during model
execution. Additionally, we extend CA-BRS to address security requirements,
ensuring data confidentiality and integrity by preventing
unauthorized access and modifications in distributed CPS.
Finally, we demonstrate the practicality of our approach through a
case study on Medical-CPS and Industry 4.0 (I4.0-CPS), focusing on
network routing (Access Control Lists) and data confidentiality in
Electronic Health Records. This highlights the balance between theoretical
insights and practical considerations in addressing the physical,
cyber, and safety dimensions of CPS.