Phytochemical Study and Biological Activities of the Species Salvia balansae Noë ex Coss
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Date
2024
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UNIVERSITE ABBES LAGHROUR - KHENCHELA
Abstract
Salvia balansae, an endemic perennial plant native to Algeria, particularly in the
Mostaganem and Aures regions, exhibits significant medicinal potential. This study aims to
explore the chemical composition and biological activities of Salvia balansae extracts obtained
from different plant organs (leaves, flowers, and stems) collected from the Aures Mountains
using various solvents (ethanol, methanol, and acetone). The maceration technique was
employed to extract the chemical constituents, and the extracts were analysed for their total
phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavonols, condensed and hydrolysable tannin, triterpenoid,
and ortho-diphenols content using the microplate reader technique. Advanced analytical
techniques, such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were
used to identify the specific phenolic compounds.
The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed through multiple in vitro assays,
including DPPH, ABTS, FIC, FRAP, Phenanthroline, CUPRAC, SNPAC, and Superoxide
radical scavenging activity by alkaline DMSO assay. Additionally, the photoprotective
properties were evaluated, given the increasing interest in natural sunscreen formulations.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic
Mean (UPGMA) were applied to discern the similarities and differences among the extracts
concerning their chemical composition, secondary metabolite content, and biological activities.
Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was evaluated using the
Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) method, and the antidiabetic potential was assessed through the
alpha-amylase inhibition assay. Results revealed that S. balansae extracts exhibit significant
antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. This is attributed to
their rich phenolic content. Moreover, the study identified several key phenolic compounds and
demonstrated the impact of solvent type and plant organ on the efficacy of the extracts.
This research represents the first comprehensive investigation into the phytochemical
and biological properties of Salvia balansae from the Aures Mountains, highlighting its
potential as a source of natural antioxidants, photoprotective agents, anti-inflammatory, and
antidiabetic agents