Browsing by Author "Walid Kefali"
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Item A Political Bloodbath in the Western Hemisphere: How Bolivarianism is Sentencing the Monroe Doctrine to Death(2016) Walid KefaliAbstract The present paper discusses the general political and diplomatic conduct in the Western Hemisphere. Starting from the Monroe Doctrine which stipulated that the Western Hemisphere is US sphere of influence and control and laid the ground for several other policies including expansionism, interventionism, isolationism and territorialism. However, this doctrine has come toe to toe with another rising ideology, Bolivarianism. This ideology was resurrected from the ideals and thoughts of Simon Bolivar, the liberator of Latin America, to confront the longstanding Monroe Doctrine using different policies mainly populism. Over the course of the last two decades a battle of political domination and hegemony has been undergoing between the Bolivarianism and the US with the involvement of extra-hemispheric actors who were elicited by the weakening doctrine. Eventually, the US had to change its foreign policy rhetoric vis-à-vis Latin America. ملخص يناقش هذا المقال الوضع السياسي و الدبلوماسي في نصف الكرة الغربي. بدأ من مبدأ مونرو الذي يقتضي أن نصف الكرة الغربي يخضع فقط لسلطة و تأثير الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. هذا المبدأ مهد لسياسات أخرى نذكر منها سياسة التوسعية، التدخلية، سياسة العزلة و سياسة التابعية. لكن هذا المبدأ دخل في مواجهة سياسية مع إيديولوجية صاعدة ، البوليفارية. هذه الإيديولوجية التي بعثت من مبادئ و أفكار سيمون بوليفار، محرر أمريكا اللاتينية، بدأت بمواجهة مبدأ مونرو بسياسات مختلفة أهمها الشعبوية . خلال العشريتين الماضيتين، نشبت معركة سيطرة و هيمنة سياسية بين الولايات المتحدة و البوليفاري ين واشترك في هذا الصراع قوى من خارج نصف الكرة الغربي الذين أغواهم ضعف مبدأ مونرو وسقوطه. في اية المطاف اضطرت الولايات المتحدة لتغيير خطاا السياسي فيما يتعلق بأمريكا اللاتينية.Item Cinema of Brutality: The Implications of Onscreen Violence on Algerian Secondary Schools’ Teenage Pupils(Journal of El-Nas, 2022) Walid KefaliAbstract The current study endeavors to shed light on the phenomenon of violence in Algerian secondary schools and traces some of its roots to the onscreen violence that pupils are exposed too while consuming cinematic productions or otherwise violent media content. It argues that cinema desensitized teenage pupils towards all kinds of violence via the excessive screening of graphic scenes and imagery without any warnings or PG Rated signs display. Additionally, the study makes use of survey conducted in 5 secondary schools in Khenchela province to uncover the traumatic effects of violence in movies and its implication on teenage pupils. Furthermore, the study examines the absence of PG rating signs on most channels and film sources viewed by teenagers without parental guidance and deploys content analysis of several top grossing box-office movies viewed by teenagers and account for violent scenery per film. More importantly, the study makes use Mise-en-scène analysis of several violent scenes from the prior movies and their effects on teenagers. Finally, the study concludes that onscreen violence undoubtedly plays a huge role in initiating teenagers to violence and desensitizing them towards brutality. Resumé La présente étude s'efforce de faire la lumière sur le phénomène de la violence dans les écoles secondaires algériennes et retrace certaines de ses racines dans la violence à l'écran à laquelle les étudiants sont également exposés lorsqu'ils consomment des productions cinématographiques ou des contenus médiatiques violents. Il soutient que le cinéma a désensibilisé les élèves adolescents à toutes sortes de violence via la projection excessive de scènes graphiques et d'images sans aucun avertissement ni affichage de panneaux classés PG. En outre, l'étude utilise une enquête menée dans cinq écoles secondaires de la province de Khenchela pour découvrir les effets traumatisants de la violence dans les films et son implication sur les élèves adolescents. En outre, l'étude examine l'absence de panneaux de classification PG sur la plupart des chaînes et sources de films visionnées par des adolescents sans surveillance parentale et déploie une analyse de contenu de plusieurs films au box-office les plus rentables visionnés par des adolescents et tient compte des scènes violentes par film. Plus important encore, l'étude utilise l'analyse Mise en scène de plusieurs scènes violentes des films précédents et leurs effets sur les adolescents. Enfin, l'étude conclut que la violence à l'écran joue sans aucun doute un rôle énorme dans l'initiation des adolescents à la violence et dans leur désensibilisation à la brutalité.Item Hollywood Cigarettes: How American Cinema Promotes Smoking Among Young Algerian Cinephiles(Qirâ’ât review, 2022) Walid KefaliAbstract: The present study reveals the implications of onscreen smoking on young Algerian cinephiles. It argues that media consumed by Algerians prompt a desensitization towards smoking and recruit more adolescent smokers. The study deploys a mixed methodologyvia conducting a survey to reveal the onscreen-smoking exposure rates. It launches an analysis of a cross-compared list of top 10 popular action films viewed by Algerians on MBC channels, Egybest and Netflix during the last decade using content analysis. It also employs Mise-en-scène analysis of several scenes to account for tobacco product placement in movies. The study concludes that excessive exposure to onscreen-smoking is a major cause of smoking initiation among Algerians. Résumé: La présente étude s'axe autour des ramifications du tabagisme via l'écran sur les jeunes cinéphiles algériens. Ils stipulent que les médias déployés par les Algériens incitent à une désensibilisation au tabagisme et recrutent de fumeurs adolescents. L'étude déploie une méthodologie mixte via une enquête pour révéler les taux d'exposition au tabagisme à l'écran. Il lance une analyse d'une liste comparée des dix meilleurs films d'action populaires visionnés par les algériens sur les chaînes MBC, Egybest et Netflix en utilisant l'analyse du contenu. L'étude se couronne et résulte que l'exposition excessive au tabagisme à l'écran est une cause majeure d'initiation au tabagisme chez les algériensItem Hollywood Goes to Classroom: The Prospects of Using Movies as Authentic Materials to Teach English Between Educational Benefits and Cultural Menace(Almodawana, 2020) Walid KefaliAbstract: The present study aims at exploring the detrimental effect of the unguided use of Hollywood movies to teach English as a foreign language. Movies have been praised not only as an effective linguistic communication medium, but also as a rapid linguistic, cultural and epistemological enriching mechanisms for students. Nonetheless, the invisible ideological downside of movies is beyond measure as it alters, dominates and vanquishes the cultural identity of learners and stimulate feelings of xenocentrism. The study is based on triangulation of data to raise legitimate concerns and challenge the long-standing attitude of using of movies as authentic materials. Thus, while the deep exploration of literature proved shows that Hollywood has been ideologically and culturally vigorous in marketing American culture and values to the world, the data gathered through a survey questionnaire, administered to EFL students at Khenchela University from five levels using probability sampling and interviews conducted with their teachers in that regard have exposed, not only a modification of the students’’ cultural identity, but also the presence of new American-origin cultural values and norms and a possible unhealthy attachment to American model of culture and ideology